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The European Language Resources Association (ELRA) was established in Luxembourg in February, 1995.

ELRA is the driving force to make available the language resources for language engineering and to evaluate language engineering technologies.
In order to achieve this goal, ELRA is active in identification, distribution, collection, validation, standardisation, improvement, in promoting the production of language resources, in supporting the infrastructure to perform evaluation campaigns and in developing a scientific field of language resources and evaluation.

Creation of ELRA AND ELDA

The sponsoring agencies, in particular the DGXIII and its language engineering sector, headed by Roberto Cencioni, considered that a successful development of language technologies is and will continue to heavily rely on the availability of large scale language resources, together with appropriate standards, methodologies, and manipulation tools (reference Eagles Spoken book). They also considered the need to capitalise on all the investments done on the production and the packaging of language resources in order to ensure certain re-usability. The access to large annotated spoken and written corpora, together with appropriate higher-level language resources, would not only provide a direct benefit to research and development efforts across a wide range of private and public organisations, but would also foster fruitful academic and industrial cooperation.

In order to carry out such strategic analysis, the European Commission and a large number of key players in the language engineering field decided to launch a project called RELATOR. The project aimed at defining a broad organisational framework for the creation of language resources, for both written and spoken language engineering, which are necessary for the development of an adequate language technology and industry in Europe. It also aimed at determining the feasibility of creating a co-ordinated European network of repositories which would perform the function of storing, disseminating and maintaining such resources. This activity was intended to contribute towards the long-term goal of making large scale language resources widely available to European organisations involved in R&D and educational activities.

The major outcome of RELATOR was the creation of ELRA as well as the initiation of several language resource production projects (e.g. SpeechDat family, PAROLE, etc.). This action was carried out through discussions in which high level representatives of the relevant actors were involved (e.g. owners of resources, producers, private and public users, funding bodies, scientific and professional associations). The big industrials as well as the major R&D labs were represented in what was known as the RELATOR Steering Committee, chaired by Parajon-Collada, Deputy Director General of the DGXIII. The discussions were about the various aspects of the problem, their needs and requirements, the possible solutions, their willingness to co-operate, and the conditions for a joint European action. They also aimed at identifying, describing and evaluating at various levels (e.g. organisational, technical, legal) the alternative methods and structures which could ensure the creation, management and maintenance of a European repository of re-usable language resources, and their dissemination to the various types of users.

The project had to present final recommendations for establishing a collaborative infrastructure that will act as a collection, verification, management and dissemination centre, built on the foundation provided by existing European structures and organisations.

The project consortium comprises representatives of major European-wide bodies and associations, most notably ELSNET, ESCA and EACL, plus an industrial steering committee composed of representatives of leading IT companies, publishers, Telecom operators and other providers of electronic information services. The action has been carried out in co-operation with relevant European groups and with on-going initiatives such as EAGLES. It also implied an analysis of existing international structures.

An unanimous decision was made to set up an independent, permanent, centralised organisation. Legal experts were asked to evaluate different scenarios and to suggest the most useful one. Of all suggestions (an incorporated company, a grouping of economic interests as allowed by the French law, a non-profit association) the steering committee felt that an independent, not-for-profit, membership-driven association was the most easiest to implement and the most acceptable from the liability and the legal points of view. The association statutes were prepared and deposited in Luxembourg on February 1995 by 16 founding members, under the name of The European Language Resources Association (ELRA).

To handle every issues related to the association affairs, ELDA, Evaluations & Language resources Distribution Agency, was created, as ELRA operational body. ELDA is responsible for the development and the execution of ELRA’s strategies and plans, and handles issues related to the distribution of language resources.

Mission

ELRA’s missions are to promote language resources for the Human Language Technology (HLT) sector, and to evaluate language engineering technologies. To achieve these two major missions, we offer a range of services, listed below and described in the “Services around Language Resources” section :

Identification of language resources
Promotion of the production of language resources
Production of language resources
Validation of language resources
Evaluation of systems, products, tools, etc., related to language resources
Distribution of language resources
Standardisation

Services

● The catalogue of Resources : The databases available on the ELRA catalogue are divided into 3 groups : Speech, Written Lexica/Corpora & Terminology. The databases are sold on a pay-per-resource basis and detailed information on the resources can be found both on the ELDA and ELRA Web sites. The resources can be ordered directly from ELDA, by members as well as non-members.

● Identification and distribution of LRs : Apart from the wide range of resources in the catalogue, members can at any time turn to ELRA for information on other databases available or databases being developed. In addition, ELRA members willing to negotiate a resource with a producer or to obtain information on any other contractual or legal matter are offered legal and contractual assistance by a set of co-operating experts.

● Legal assistance : ELRA enjoys close cooperation with legal experts in the field. Assistance can be offered when acquiring or distributing databases, or in negotiations with parties when LRs are involved.

● Production of new LRs on demand : When commissioned by one of its members, ELRA can produce and/or package LRs at favorable pricing conditions. In addition, LRs produced by ELRA, and LRs whose production is commissioned to ELRA, will be exclusively available from ELRA, with substantial price discounts for the ELRA members.

● Evaluation : ELRA participates in evaluation campaigns both by supplying the language resources appropriate for evaluation and testing, and by getting involved in the evaluation process itself (evaluation of tools, systems, applications, etc.). ELRA members can benefit from both LR evaluation packages at discounted prices and HLT evaluation services (including evaluation of member’s technology or system) at favorable pricing conditions.

● Information : The ELRA Newsletters is published on a quarterly basis, with updates on the association activities and articles reflecting subjects from the different HLT areas. An information bulletin, the “Members’ News”, is also distributed in an electronic format to ELRA members every month. Other ELRA publications are also disseminated, including publications on legal and commercial aspects of the distribution of Language Resources and market surveys. ELRA collects information, facts and figures on the HLT/LR markets throughout the world, capitalizing on the experience of the ELRA members, along with that of other sources. Regular market surveys provide useful information on specific topics for members of the organization.

● LREC: Registration to the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference is offered at a discounted price for ELRA members. Other events (workshops, meetings, etc.) organized by ELRA are opened to ELRA members.

Bibliographic details for “ELRA”

Page name: ELRA

Author:

Publisher:

Date of last revision:

Date retrieved:26 february 2008 11.56

Permanent link: http://www.elra.info/

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Aim

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History

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BibTeX is a tool for formatting lists of references. The BibTeX tool is typically used together with the LaTeX document preparation system. Within the typesetting system, its name is styled as .

BibTeX was created by Oren Patashnik and Leslie Lamport in 1985. BibTeX makes it easy to cite sources in a consistent manner, by separating bibliographic information from the presentation of this information. This same principle of separation of content and presentation/style is used by LaTeX itself.

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[edit] Syntax

In order to make use of BibTeX, a LaTeX file must contain the following:

• The \bibliography{} command
• The \bibliographystyle{} command

The \bibliography{} command tells LaTeX which file or files to use as its source for bibliography entries. \bibliography{linguistics} will cause LaTeX to look for a file named linguistics.bib. \bibliography{linguistics,math} will cause LaTeX to look for the two files linguistics.bib and math.bib.

[edit] Bibliographic information file

BibTeX uses a style-independent text-based file format for lists of bibliography items, such as articles, books, theses. BibTeX bibliography files usually end in .bib.

Bibliography entries each contain some subset of standard data entries:

• address: Publisher’s address (usually just the city, but can be the full address for lesser-known publishers)
• annote: An annotation for annotated bibliography styles (not typical)
• author: The name(s) of the author(s) (in the case of more than one author, separated by and)
• booktitle: The title of the book, if only part of it is being cited
• chapter: The chapter number
• crossref: The key of the cross-referenced entry
• edition: The edition of a book, long form (such as “first” or “second”)
• editor: The name(s) of the editor(s)
• eprint: A specification of an electronic publication, often a preprint or a technical report
• howpublished: How it was published, if the publishing method is nonstandard
• institution: The institution that was involved in the publishing, but not necessarily the publisher
• journal: The journal or magazine the work was published in
• key: A hidden field used for specifying or overriding the alphabetical order of entries (when the “author” and “editor” fields are missing). Note that this is very different from the key (mentioned just after this list) that is used to cite or cross-reference the entry.
• month: The month of publication (or, if unpublished, the month of creation)
• note: Miscellaneous extra information
• number: The “number” of a journal, magazine, or tech-report, if applicable. (Most publications have a “volume”, but no “number” field.)
• organization: The conference sponsor
• pages: Page numbers, separated either by commas or double-hyphens
• publisher: The publisher’s name
• school: The school where the thesis was written
• series: The series of books the book was published in (e.g. “The Hardy Boys“)
• title: The title of the work
• type: The type of tech-report, for example, “Research Note”
• url: The WWW address
• volume: The volume of a journal or multi-volume book
• year: The year of publication (or, if unpublished, the year of creation)

In addition, each entry contains a key that is used to cite or cross-reference the entry. This key is the first item in a BibTeX entry, and is not part of any field.

[edit] Entry Types

Bibliography entries included in a .bib are split by types. The following types are understood by virtually all BibTeX styles:

article

An article from a journal or magazine.
Required fields: author, title, journal, year
Optional fields: volume, number, pages, month, note, key

book

A book with an explicit publisher.
Required fields: author/editor, title, publisher, year
Optional fields: volume, series, address, edition, month, note, key

booklet

A work that is printed and bound, but without a named publisher or sponsoring institution.
Required fields: title
Optional fields: author, howpublished, address, month, year, note, key

conference

The same as inproceedings, included for Scribe (markup language) compatibility.
Required fields: author, title, booktitle, year
Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key

inbook

A part of a book, which may be a chapter (or section or whatever) and/or a range of pages.
Required fields: author/editor, title, chapter/pages, publisher, year
Optional fields: volume, series, address, edition, month, note, key

incollection

A part of a book having its own title.
Required fields: author, title, booktitle, year
Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key

inproceedings

An article in a conference proceedings.
Required fields: author, title, booktitle, year
Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key

manual

Technical documentation.
Required fields: title
Optional fields: author, organization, address, edition, month, year, note, key

mastersthesis

A Master’s thesis.
Required fields: author, title, school, year
Optional fields: address, month, note, key

misc

For use when nothing else fits.
Required fields: none
Optional fields: author, title, howpublished, month, year, note, key

phdthesis

A Ph.D. thesis.
Required fields: author, title, school, year
Optional fields: address, month, note, key

proceedings

The proceedings of a conference.
Required fields: title, year
Optional fields: editor, publisher, organization, address, month, note, key

techreport

A report published by a school or other institution, usually numbered within a series.
Required fields: author, title, institution, year
Optional fields: type, number, address, month, note, key

unpublished

A document having an author and title, but not formally published.
Required fields: author, title, note
Optional fields: month, year, key

[edit] Style files

BibTeX formats bibliographic items according to a style file, typically by generating TeX or LaTeX formatting commands. However, style files for generating HTML output also exist. BibTeX style files, for which the suffix .bst is common, are written in a simple, stack-based programming language that describes how bibliography items should be formatted.

Most journals or publishers that support LaTeX often have a customized bibliographic style file for the convenience of the authors. This ensures that the bibliographic style meets the guidelines of the publisher with minimal effort.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX